| Haplogroup I is found almost exclusively in Europe where it is represented
in about 20% of the population. Overall, Hg I has a broad European
distribution, from the British Isles east to the Ural Mountains of Russia
and south to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea, but its strong geographic
concentration in northwestern Europe has led Hg I to be nicknamed the "Viking"
haplogroup (though some consider R1a to be the only true Viking
haplogroup).
I1 is the most common subclade of Hg I. Geographically, it is
highly concentrated in northern Germany, Denmark, and southern Norway and
Sweden. A modal haplotype for all of I1 would not be meaningful because
the different varieties of I1 have not shared a common ancestor for thousands
of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in
the tables).
Among European haplotypes, DYS455=8 is virtually exclusive to I1.
Most males are 11 at this marker, and the deletion to 8 in Hg I1 is believed
to have taken place about 10,000 years ago. Since then, about 2%
of I1's have mutated to 7 or 9, but some 98% of I1's still remain 8 at
DYS455. Only a small, Middle Eastern subclade of J2b1a is known to
also be 8 at DYS455, however that deletion is believed to have taken place
only about a thousand years ago. YCAIIa/b=19/21 is universal, though
not exclusive, to I1.
There are only a few SNPs that usefully divide Hg I1, and most individuals
will be I1*. In lieu of sufficient SNPs (the search for which is
ongoing), varieties of I1 have been defined by Nordtvedt based on STR haplotypes.
One such useful marker is DYS511 (highlighted in kelly green in the tables),
which has a value of 10 in the Norse and ultraNorse varieties and a value
of 9 in the AngloSaxon varieties. Your project administrator recommends
all I1 individuals upgrade to 67 markers to pick up the result for this
marker. DYS462 is similarly useful and can be ordered as a custom
test from FTDNA. I urge anyone who has turned up as one of the Norse
or ultraNorse varieties to be deep SNP tested, so you determine your status
for L22 and P109. |
| Ken Nordtvedt is the guru researching Hg I subclades (see his Excel
spreadsheet). For a table showing modal haplotypes for his Hg
I varieties
in FamilyTreeDNA marker order, please also see my HTML
transcription of Nordtvedt's spreadsheet. Jim Cullen has developed
a predictor
for the varieties of Haplogroup I, and I have used it to make the determinations
below. In some cases, the predictor was not able to make a firm prediction,
mostly in cases where not enough markers were tested. |
| I1-AngloSaxon is the most common form of I1. It is most
frequent in the Netherlands, northwestern Germany, and Denmark and is present
at lower frequencies in eastern and southern Germany, southern Sweden,
and the British Isles. The Norse varieties are Haplogroup I1d (q.v.).
"Missing Link" refers to the link between AngloSaxon and Norse;
"Transitional" refers to forms transitional between AngloSaxon and
Norse. |
| I frankly have a problem with the way Nordtvedt has established
some of his varieties of I1. The issue is technical and has to do
with his clades not necessarily being monophyletic. This problem
rears its head with uN (ultraNorse) being both M253 and L22, which doesn't
jibe with uN being a clade. However, that need not really concern
us here. The important thing is that, as clusters (not clades),
they are useful. |
Y-DNA
Haplogroup I1 SNPs and Subclades
(An equal sign in the ISOGG column means the value
is the same as FTDNA.)
| Mutations |
Standard |
| FTDNA |
ISOGG |
| P19 L41 M170 M258 P212
P38 PS76 U179 |
I |
= |
| |
M253 L118 L121=S62 L123 L124=S64
L125=S65 L157.1 L186 L187 L75 L80 L81
M307 M307.2=P203.2 M450=S109 P30 P40 S63 S66 S107
S108 S110 S11 |
I1 |
= |
| |
M21 |
I1a |
= |
| M227 |
I1b |
= |
| |
M72 |
I1b1 |
= |
| P259=M507 |
I1c |
= |
| L22=S142 |
I1d |
= |
| |
P109 |
I1d1 |
= |
| L205 |
I1d2 |
= |
| L287 |
I1d3 |
= |
| |
L258 |
I1d3a |
= |
| L300 |
I1d4 |
= |
| L211 |
I1e |
= |
| L338 |
|
I1f |
| P215 |
I2 |
= |
|
So far, we have 16 Danish Demes Project members who are Haplogroup
I1.
| Subclade |
Most
Downstream
Positive
SNP* |
D
e
m
e |
Surname |
Earliest Known Patrilineal
Ancestor |
_n_ |
| I1 |
M253 |
1 |
JENSEN |
Mikkel Larsen (1728-1869) of Serup Sogn,
Hids Herred, Viborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon |
M253 |
2 |
HANSEN |
Hans Petersen (1771- ) of Dynt, Broager
Sogn, Nybøl Herred, Sønderborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-gen |
M253 |
3 |
HANSEN |
Anders Knudsen (c1732- ) of Flødstrup,
Flødstrup Sogn, Vindinge Herred, Svendborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-2 |
M253 |
4 |
CHRISTENSEN |
Niels CHRISTENSEN (1874-c1950) — of København,
DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-3 |
M253 |
5 |
NELSON |
Jens Peter NIELSEN (c1860s-) of DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-5 |
M253 |
6 |
NIELSEN |
Frands Nielsen of Tjæreborg, Tjæreborg
Sogn, Skast Herred, Ribe Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-6 |
M253 |
7 |
HANSEN |
Jens Martinus HANSEN (1871-1844) of København,
DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-8 |
M253 |
8 |
ANDERSEN |
Henrik Gregersen (1694-1764) of Ringkøbing
Amt, DK |
2 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-13 |
M253 |
9 |
CHRISTENSEN |
Jens Jacobsen (c1802- ) of Viborg Amt,
DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-1313 |
M253 |
10 |
JØRGENSEN |
Christopher Jørgensen (1692-
) of Holse, Brenderup Sogn, Vends Herred, Odense Amt, DK |
1 |
| M253 |
11 |
NELSON1 |
Marcus NIELSEN (1818- ) of København,
DK |
1 |
| I1-MissingLink |
M253 |
12 |
SOULE2 |
Peder NEILSON (1816- ) of Lynggård,
DK |
1 |
| I1-Transitional-13 |
M253 |
13 |
MIKKELSEN |
Anders Pedersen (1764-1847) of Ørting S.,
Århus A., DK |
1 |
| M253 |
14 |
BAKTOFT |
Søren Christensen BACH of Randers
Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-ultraNorse-1315 |
M253 |
15 |
HANSEN |
resident of Ribe Amt, DK |
1 |
| *Greyed SNPs have merely been deduced; boldfaced
SNPs have actually been tested. |
| 1NIELSON / NIELSEN. 2Originally
NEILSON. |
|
|