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"Danish Demes"
Lineages and Results of Y-chromosome DNA Testing for a Regional Danish DNA Project
Haplogroup I1
Y-DNA
Results
Hub		 Y-DNA Haplogroups Represented in the Project
and Their Frequency (n tested at FTDNA + n tested elsewhere)		 mtDNA
Results
Hub		 Project
Home
Page
F (1 + 0) G (2 + 0) I1 (17+ 1) I2 (5 + 0) J2 (1 + 0) R1a (3 + 1) R1b (16 + 0)
Haplogroup I is found almost exclusively in Europe where it is represented in about 20% of the population.  Overall, Hg I has a broad European distribution, from the British Isles east to the Ural Mountains of Russia and south to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea, but its strong geographic concentration in northwestern Europe has led Hg I to be nicknamed the "Viking" haplogroup (though some consider R1a to be the only true Viking haplogroup).

I1 is the most common subclade of Hg I.  Geographically, it is highly concentrated in northern Germany, Denmark, and southern Norway and Sweden.  A modal haplotype for all of I1 would not be meaningful because the different varieties of I1 have not shared a common ancestor for thousands of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in the tables).

Among European haplotypes, DYS455=8 is virtually exclusive to I1 and YCAIIa,b=19,21 is universal in I1.  The subclades of I1 are rare to the point of not being useful, but no other SNPs subdivide the otherwise very large I1 group.  In lieu of useful SNPs (the search for which is ongoing), varieties of I1 have been defined by Nordtvedt based on STR haplotypes.  Another useful marker in this subclade is DYS511 (highlighted in royal blue in the tables), which has a value of 10 in the Norse and ultraNorse varieties and a value of 9 in the AngloSaxon varieties.  Your project administrator recommends all I1 individuals upgrade to 67 markers to pick up the result for this marker.  DYS462 is similarly useful and can be ordered as a custom test from FTDNA.

So far, we have 20 Danish Demes Project members who are Haplogroup I1.
Ten are Norse, one is transitional, two are ultra-Norse, and seven are AngloSaxon.  They fall into these varieties:

Norse
(n = 7)		 Norse-D
(n = 3)		 Norse/ultraNorse-14
(n = 1)		 ultraNorse-1
(n = 1)		 ultraNorse-13-15
(n = 1)		 AngloSaxon-?
(n = 4)		 AngloSaxon-6
(n = 1)		 AngloSaxon-8
(n=2)
Ken Nordtvedt is the guru researching Hg I subclades (see his Excel spreadsheet).  For a table showing modal haplotypes for his Hg I varieties in FamilyTreeDNA marker order, please also see my HTML transcription of Nordtvedt's spreadsheet.
The Y-DNA haplotree has undergone a major revision in 2008.  For Haplogroup I, the major change is the removal of old I1, which had been based on the P38 SNP, which means all downstream clades have been "bumped up" a notch.  What that means for us is that everyone who was formerly I1a is now simply I1.  This change has been adopted by FTDNA, ISOGG, and Nordvedt — and by me here on these web pages (as of May 2008).
FTDNA Chart (2004) Nordtvedt Chart (2006) Nordtvedt Chart (2008) FTDNA / ISOGG Chart (2008)
Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs
I P19 M170 M258 I P19 M170 M258  I P19 P38 M170 M258  I P19 P38 M170 M258 P212 U179
I1 all of I and P38 I1 all of I and P38
I1a all of I1 and
P30 M253 M307		 I1a all of I1 and
P30 P40 M253 M307		 I1 all of I and
P30 P40 M253 M307
S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S109 S110 S111		 I1 all of I and
P30 P40 M253 M307 M450/S109
S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S110 S111
I1a1 all of I1a and P40
I1a4 all of I1a and M227 I1a1 all of I1a and M227 I1a all of I1 and M227 I1a all of I1 and M21
I1a3 all of I1a and M72 I1a3 all of I1a and M72 I1a1 all of I1a and M72 I1b all of I1 and M227
I1a2 all of I1a and M21 I1a2 all of I1a and M21 I1b all of I1 and M21 I1b1 all of I1b and M72
  I1c all of I1 and P109
I1d all of I1 and P259
I1b all of I1 and S31 I1b all of I1 and S31 I2 all of I and S31 I2 all of I and P215
• Because everyone who has tested positive for P19, M170, and M258 has also test positive for P38, P38 turns out to be a redundant test for I.  Therefore, the former I1 (defined by P38+) is not a separate subclade of I, but is still root I.  Unless and until someone who is positive for P19, M170, and M258 also tests negative for P38, there is no rationale for erecting a separate subclade for P38+.  Removing the subclade defined by P38+ affects the designation of all downstream subclades by bumping them up a notch.
• Because everyone who has tested positive for P30, M253, and M307 and negative for M227, M21, and M72 has also tested positive for P40, P40 turns out to be a redundant test for I1.  Therefore, the former I1a1 (defined by P40+) is not a separate subclade of I1, but is still root I1.  Unless and until someone who is positive for M21, M72, or M227 also tests negative for P40, there is no rationale for erecting a separate subclade for P40+.  Removing the subclade defned by P40+ affected the designation of only one downstream subclade. •It appears that root I is extinct because everyone so far tested is either I1 or I2.
•It turns out that no one who is positive for M72 is negative for M227, so M72 becomes a subclade, not a sisterclade, of M227. Both of these subclades are rare.
•M21 appears to be a singleton (i.e., only one person ever tested has the mutation).
•Research is ongoing, but it appears P109 will serve to spin off a small subclade of I1-Norse.
•The usefulness of P259 is still under investigation.
Bottom line:  despite continued effort, most of I1 is still a single large subclade lacking useful SNPs to subdivide it.
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Red labels indicate markers that typically mutate more frequently than those labeled in black. Marker 464 mutates most rapidly of all and sometimes has five to seven counts (a-g), not just four (a-d).
(Empty cells that are darkened indicate tests not ordered.)
I1-Norse
I1-Norse (I1-N) is the most common I1a variety in Sweden and Finland and is the second most common variety in Norway and Denmark.  Although we have seven members who fit within Nordtvedt's I1-Norse variety, none is a match with any of the others, so they are placed in separate tables and identified as numbered demes.
I1a*-Norse:  Deme 1
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-Norse Modal Values 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
           
SORENSEN N3667 AM9TG   13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28                                                                                                               Pvt3, Pvt2, Jens SØRENSEN1 — DK to Cheyenne, WY
This individual has a 12/12 match with the modal haplotype for the Norse variety of Haplogroup I1, and he thus has hundreds of matches in the FTDNA and Ysearch databases (all in other surnames).  He has 11/12 matches with three other I1-Norse members of the project, but he needs to test more markers to see if these relationships remain close or diverge. 
   
I1a*-Norse:  Deme 2
Surname Kit # Ysearch
Code
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0		 19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 4
6
4
d		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-Norse Modal Values 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
CHRISTENSEN N22750 JF3KG Deep 13 23 14 11 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 13 15 16 10 10 19 21 15 14 18 20 35 36 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 21 24 16 10 12 12 19 8 12 25 20 13 13 11 12 10 11 12 11 Pvt [awaiting lineage] Mads Frederick Theobald Christensen1 — of København, DK, and Utah, USA
BENDTSEN N44499 RX5TM    13 23 14 11 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28                                                                                                               Pvt2, Hans Jakob Broe BENDTSEN1 — of Hestlund, Bording Sogn, Hammerum Herred, Ringkøbing Amt, DK
Both of these individuals transferred in 12 markers from the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project.  They have a couple dozen or so 12-marker matches in the FTDNA and Ysearch databases (all in other surnames) including, obviously, the match with each other.  The CHRISTENSEN upgraded to 67 markers; and, while he has a few near matches at 25 and 37 markers, he has no full matches above 12 markers and no near matches at 67 markers.  I strongly urge the BENDTSEN to upgrade his markers to see whether his match to the CHRISTENSEN is maintained or falls away.
Their haplotypes most closely resembles a variety of I1 defined by Nordtvedt as "Norse."
#N22750 has undergone deep SNP testing at FTDNA:
P19+ M170+ M258+ P38+ P30+ M253+ M307+ M21- M72- M227- P37.2- M26- M161- M223-
The positive SNP test results support that he is I1.  The negative SNP test results for M21, M72, and M227 rule out his belonging to any known subclade of I1, which means, based on the current haplogroup tree, he is root/ancestral I1*; the remaining negative SNP test results rule out his being any form of I2 (see I2 SNP chart).
   
I1*-Norse:  Deme 3
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-Norse Modal Values 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
           
GLAD 48960 27RHW Deep 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 12 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 24 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 17 20 37 37 12 10                                                             Pvt11, Pvt10, Alma Emmanuel Andersen GLAD9, Niels Peter Andreasen8, Andreas Andersen7, Anders Andersen6, Anders Andersen5, Anders Jensen4, Jens Andersen3, Anders Christensen2, Christen GLAD1 — of Nørre Tranders Sogn, Fleskum Herred, Aalborg Amt, DK
#48960 has a rare haplotype, with only one match at 12 markers (with a RASMUSSEN), only a near match at 27 markers, and no full or near matches at 37 markers.  Oddly enough, his 9-marker haplotype is the second most common 9-marker haplotype in Denmark.  What must be causing the low level of 12-marker matches is the value of 12 at DYS388 (green table cell).  Some experimentation at Ysearch shows that this is, indeed, the case.  If we change DYS388 to 14, he gets over a hundred 12-marker matches; with DYS388=13, he gets nearly a dozen 12-marker matches; and with DYS388=12, he gets just the one 12-marker match already mentioned (searches as of 6/06). 
This individual has undergone deep SNP testing at FTDNA:
P19+ M170+ M258+ P38+ P30+ M253+ M307+ M21- M72- M227- P37.2- M26- M161- M223-
The positive SNP test results support that he is I1.  The negative SNP test results for M21, M72, and M227 rule out his belonging to any known subclade of I1, which means, based on the current haplogroup tree, he is root/ancestral I1*; the remaining negative SNP test results rule out his being any form of I2 (see I2 SNP chart).
   
I1-Norse:  Deme 4
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-Norse Modal Values 13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
           
JENSEN > WESTERGARD N33193     13 23 14 10 14 14 11 14 11 11 11 27                                                                                                               Pvt3, Peter Anton JENSEN-WESTERGAARD2, Niels JENSEN1— of Børglum Herred, Hjørring Amt, DK
#N33193 transferred in from the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project.  The family was originally surnamed JENSEN, but changed its surname on immigration to the United States.  Even at just 12 markers, his haplotype is unique, with no full matches in the FTDNA, Ysearch, or SMGF databases.  He has many 11/12 matches in the SMGF database, mostly in Scandinavian surnames, most of which are a mis-match at DYS389i where a value of 11 is unusual (green table cell).
   
I1-Norse:  Deme 5
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67 SMGF Markers
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4