Helligkorsgade, Kølding, DK (built 1589; photo from WikimediaCommons by User:Mahlum, 2006)
Danish Demes
a Regional DNA Project for Danish Americans and Danes around the World
Borches gård, Kolding, DK (built 1595; photo from WikimediaCommons by User:Mahlum, 2006)
 
Lineages and Results of Y-DNA Testing for Haplogroup I1
Y-DNA
Results
Hub		 Y-DNA Haplogroups Represented in the Project
and Their Frequency (n tested at FTDNA + n tested elsewhere)		 mtDNA
Results
Hub		 Project
Home
Page
F (1) G (3) I1 (15) I1d (12 + 1) I2 (8) J (2) R1a (6 + 1) R1b (29 + 1)
Haplogroup I is found almost exclusively in Europe where it is represented in about 20% of the population.  Overall, Hg I has a broad European distribution, from the British Isles east to the Ural Mountains of Russia and south to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea, but its strong geographic concentration in northwestern Europe has led Hg I to be nicknamed the "Viking" haplogroup (though some consider R1a to be the only true Viking haplogroup).

I1 is the most common subclade of Hg I.  Geographically, it is highly concentrated in northern Germany, Denmark, and southern Norway and Sweden.  A modal haplotype for all of I1 would not be meaningful because the different varieties of I1 have not shared a common ancestor for thousands of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in the tables).

Among European haplotypes, DYS455=8 is virtually exclusive to I1 and YCAIIa,b=19,21 is universal in I1 (table cells highlighted in red).  With one exception (I1d), the subclades of I1 are rare to the point of not being useful, but no other SNPs subdivide the otherwise very large I1 group.  In lieu of useful SNPs (the search for which is ongoing), varieties of I1 have been defined by Nordtvedt based on STR haplotypes.  Another useful marker in this subclade is DYS511 (highlighted in kelly green in the tables), which has a value of 10 in the Norse and ultraNorse varieties and a value of 9 in the AngloSaxon varieties.  Your project administrator recommends all I1 individuals upgrade to 67 markers to pick up the result for this marker.  DYS462 is similarly useful and can be ordered as a custom test from FTDNA.
Ken Nordtvedt is the guru researching Hg I subclades (see his Excel spreadsheet).  For a table showing modal haplotypes for his Hg I varieties in FamilyTreeDNA marker order, please also see my HTML transcription of Nordtvedt's spreadsheet.  Jim Cullen has developed a predictor for the varieties of Haplogroup I, and I have used it to made the determination below.  In some cases, the predictor was not able to make a firm prediction, mostly in cases where not enough markers were tested.  I urge all participants to upgrade to 67 markers to get a solid prediction, and if you're predicted to be I1d, to be SNP tested for L22.
I1-AngloSaxon is the most common form of I1.  It is most frequent in the Netherlands, northwestern Germany, and Denmark and is present at lower frequencies in eastern and southern Germany, southern Sweden, and the British Isles.  The Norse varieties are Haplogroup I1d (q.v.).  "Missing Link" refers to the link between AngloSaxon and Norse; "Transitional" refers to forms transitional between AngloSaxon and Norse.
I frankly have a problem with the way Nordtvedt has established some of his varieties of I1.  The issue is technical and has to do with his clades not necessarily being monophyletic.  This problem rears its head with uN (ultraNorse) being both M253 and L22, which doesn't jibe with uN being a clade.  However, that need not really concern us here.  The important thing is that, as clusters (not clades), they are useful.
Y-DNA Haplogroup I1 SNPs and Subclades
Nordtvedt Chart ISOGG Chart FTDNA Chart
Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs Subclade Defining SNPs
I M170 M258 P19 P38 rs17249889 I M170 M258 P19 P38 P212 U179 I M170 M258 P19 P38 P212 U179
 
I1 all of I1 and
M253 M307 P30 P40
S62-S66 S107-S111
rs35960273 rs3906451 Chr17557999		 I1 all of I and
M253 M307.1=P203.1 M450=S109
P30 P40 S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S109 S110 S111		 I1 all of I and
M253 M307 M450 P30 P40
I1a   I1a all of I1 and M21 (probably private) I1a all of I1 and M21
I1b all of I1 and M227 I1b all of I1 and M227 I1b all of I1 and M227
I1b1 all of I1b and M72  I1b1 all of I1b and M72 I1b1 all of I1b and M72
    I1c all of I1 and P259 (probably private) I1c all of I1 and P259
I1c all of I1 and L22=S142 I1d all of I1 and L22=S142 I1d all of I1 and L22
I1c1 all of I1c and P109 I1d1 all of I1d and P109 I1d1 all of I1d and P109
    I1e all of I1 and S79 (probably private)    
So far, we have 15 Danish Demes Project members who are Haplogroup I1.
Subclade Most
Down-
stream
SNP*		 D
e
m
e		 Surname Earliest Known Patrilineal Ancestor _n_
I1 M253 1 JENSEN Mikkel Larsen (1728-1869) of Serup Sogn, Hids Herred, Viborg Amt, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon M253 2 HANSEN Hans Petersen (1771- ) of Dynt, Broager Sogn, Nybøl Herred, Sønderborg Amt, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-gen M253 3 HANSEN Anders Knudsen (c1732- ) of Flødstrup, Flødstrup Sogn, Vindinge Herred, Svendborg Amt, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-2 M253 4 CHRISTENSEN of DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-5 M253 5 NIELSEN Frands Nielsen of Tjæreborg, Tjæreborg Sogn, Skast Herred, Ribe Amt, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-6 M253 6 HANSEN Jens Martinus HANSEN (1871-1844) of København, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-8 M253 7 ANDERSEN Henrik Gregersen (1694-1764) of Ringkøbing Amt, DK 2
I1-AngloSaxon-13 M253 8 CHRISTENSEN Jens Jacobsen (c1802- ) of Viborg Amt, DK 1
I1-AngloSaxon-1313 M253 9 JØRGENSEN Christopher Jørgensen (1692- ) of Holse, Brenderup Sogn, Vends Herred, Odense Amt, DK 1
M253 10 NELSON1 Marcus NIELSEN (1818- ) of København, DK 1
I1-MissingLink M253 11 SOULE2 Peder NEILSON (1816- ) of Lynggård, DK 1
I1-Transitional-13 M253 12 MIKKELSEN Anders Pedersen (1764-1847) of Ørting S., Århus A., DK 1
M253 13 BAKTOFT Søren Christensen BACH of Randers Amt, DK 1
I1-ultraNorse-1315 M253 14 HANSEN resident of Ribe Amt, DK 1
*Greyed SNPs have merely been deduced; boldfaced SNPs have actually been tested.
1NIELSON / NIELSEN.
2Originally NEILSON.
To view lineages, please scroll to the right.
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Red labels indicate markers that typically mutate more frequently than those labeled in black. Marker 464 mutates most rapidly of all and sometimes has five to seven counts (a-g), not just four (a-d).
(Empty cells that are darkened indicate tests not ordered.)
Haplogroup I1 [variety uncertain]
Deme 1
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-ASgen Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9  9 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
I1-L22-uN1 Modal Values 13 23 14 10 14 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 17/18 8 13 25/26 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
JENSEN N28924 TKPNR   15 22 14 11 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 14 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 16 19 37 39 12 11                                                             Pvt7, Pvt6, Valdemar5 JENSEN, Martin Jensen4, Jens Christensen3, Christian Mikkelsen2, Mikkel Larsen1 — of Serup Sogn, Hids Herred, Viborg Amt, DK
This individual transferred in 12 markers from the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project, then upgraded at FTDNA to 37 markers.  Our subject's 37-marker haplotype is unique.  He does have some 25/25 matches with individuals surnamed MARTIN in both the FTDNA and Ysearch databases, but no matches with them at 37 markers. 
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-ASgen =>15%, I-L22-uN1 =>14%, I-L22-NuN-14, =>14%, I-M253-AS10 =>13%, and I-L22-uN2 =>11%.  Your project admin recommends upgrading to 67 markers to get a solid determination of the variety, plus deep SNP testing to determine the status of L22. 
The fact is that it can be difficult to place someone whose haplotype is unique, at least until the database gets larger and he ceases to be unique.  But the bottom line is that anyone surnamed JENSEN — by far the most common surname in Denmark — has to be glad their haplotype falls at the other end of the frequency distribution!
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon, a.k.a., I-M253-AS
Deme 2
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-ASgen Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
HANSEN N33753     13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 12 12 11 28                                                                                                               Pvt7, Jørgen6, Peter Christian5, Peter Christian4, Peter Christian3 HANSEN, Peter Christian Hansen2, Hans Petersen1 — of Dynt, Broager Sogn, Nybøl Herred, Sønderborg Amt, DK
#N33753 transferred in 12 markers from the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project.  Our subject has a typical I1-AS haplotype, except for an unusual value for DYS439.  At 12 markers, he has dozens of matches, and his 9-marker haplotype is the most common 9-marker haplotype in Denmark.  Your project admin recommends upgrading to more markers to gain more separation.
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-ASgen =>16%, I-M253-AS1 =>16%, I-M253-AS8 =>16%, and I-M253-AS3 =>16%.  Your project admin recommends upgrading to 67 markers to get a solid determination, or at least to 37 markers.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-gen, a.k.a., I-M253-ASgen
Deme 3
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-ASgen Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
HANSEN 148803     13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 10 11 19 21 15 15 18 19 36 36 12 10                                                             Pvt [awaiting lineage] Anders Knudsen1 (c1732- ) of Flødstrup, Flødstrup Sogn, Vindinge Herred, Svendborg Amt, DK
At 12 or 25 markers, this HANSEN has a common haplotype with numerous near or full matches, which is not surprising given his near match to the modal haplotype for this variety.  However, he departs from the modal at 37 markers and has just two near matches (only 33/37 and 34/37), both in other surnames.  In other words, he has no significant match at this time [16 Jul 2009].
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-ASgen =>64% and I-M253-AS2 =>11%.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-2, a.k.a., I-M253-AS2
Deme 4
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS2 Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 16 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 11 10 19 21 15 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 11 8 9 9 12 23 25 15 10 12 13 16 8 13 25 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
CHRISTENSEN 166646 5FGYP   13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 13 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 11 10 19 21 17 14 17 19 35 38 12 10                                                             Pvt… [awaiting lineage] of DK
#166646 has a common surname with a couple dozen 12/12 matches in the FTDNA database and a couple dozen in the Ysearch database, but only a few near matches at 25 markers and one distant match at 37 markers, all in other surnames.
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-AS2 =>32% and I-M253-T13 =>16%.  At 37 markers, he only matches one of the three key markers for AS2, so I would recommend an upgrade to 67 markers to see if he picks up any of the other three.
Our subject was originally tested as #N76186 and had transferred in 12 markers from the National Geographic Society's Genographic Project.  He has since been retested at FTDNA as Kit #166646.  Note that FTDNA is the testing laboratory for the Genographic Project, so it is not necessary to buy another kit and be retested in order to upgrade to more markers.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-5, a.k.a., I-M253-AS5
Deme 5
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS5 Modal Values 14 22 14 10 13 13 11 16 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 15 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 10 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
I1-M253-AS6 Modal Values 14 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 14 14 15 15 10 10 19 21 14 13         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12   8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
NIELSEN 11366 YVG8W M253 14 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 14 15 15 10 10 19 21 15 14 16 20 36 36 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 16 10 12 12 15 8 13 25 20 15 13 12 12 10 11 12 11 Pvt [awaiting lineage] Hans Frandsen2, Frands Nielsen1 — of Tjæreborg, Tjæreborg Sogn, Skast Herred, Ribe Amt, DK
Although this individual has dozens of matches at 12 markers, our subject has no full or even near matches at 25 or more markers.
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-AS5 =>34%, I-M253-AS6 =>32%, and I-M253-AS10 =>16%.  Based on the predictor and the comparison above, AS5 has a slight edge over AS6.
This individual has undergone deep SNP testing at FTDNA:
M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ M253+ M307+ P30+ M21- M227- M72- P37.2- M26- M161- M223-
The first set of positive results support that he is Haplogroup I; the second set of positive results support that he is I1.  The first set of negative results rule out his belonging to subclades I1a, I1b, or I1b1; the second set of negative results redundantly rules out forms of I2.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-6, a.k.a., I-M253-AS6
Deme 6
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS6 Modal Values 14 22 14 10 13 13/14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 14 14 15 15 10 10 19 21 14 13         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 15 10 12 12   8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
HANSEN 113836 7YMGF M253 13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 12 13 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 19 28 14 14 15 15                                                                                     Pvt [awaiting lineage] Jens Martinus1 HANSEN (1871-1844) of København, DK
-
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-AS6 =>43% and I-M253-AS10 =>33%.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-8, a.k.a., I-M253-AS8
Deme 7
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS8 Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 26 12 14 16 17 11  9 19 21 15 15         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 22 24 15 10 12 12 15 8 13/14 26 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
ANDERSEN 124045     13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 22 15 20 26 12 14 16 17 11  9 19 21 15 15 16 18 36 37 12 10                                                             Pvt [awaiting lineage] Henrik Gregersen (1694-1764) of Ringkøbing Amt, DK
ANDERSEN 124320     13 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 12 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 22 15 20 26 12 14 16 17 11  9 19 21 15 15 16 18 36 37 12 10                                                             Pvt [awaiting lineage] Henrik Gregersen (1694-1764) of Ringkøbing Amt, DK
-
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for their variety:  I-M253-AS8 =>88% and I-M253-AS1 =>10%.  They are a near perfect 32/33 match with the modal haplotype for AS8.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-13, a.k.a., I-M253-AS13
Deme 8
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS13 Modal Values 13 22 15 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 14 8 9 8 11 23 16 21 29 12 14 15 16 10       13 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 12 10 8 9 9 12 22 25 16 10 12 12 16 8 13 26 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
CHRISTENSEN 69472 5JSDK M253 13 22 16 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 14 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 10 10 21 21 14 14 16 17 34 38 12 10                                                             Pvt5, Peter Christopherson4 CHRISTENSEN, Jacob Christensen3, Kristen Jensen2, Jens Jacobsen1 — of Viborg Amt, DK
-
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-AS13 =>37% and I-M253-T13 =>17%.
He has an unusual value for DYS19/394 (bright purple table cell).  See Phillip Goff's web site for his project on the "Deep Ancestry of the Haplogroup I1 DYS19=16 Cluster."
He has another unusual value, at YCAII (also highlighted in bright purple).  Rather than the usual 19,21 at thie marker, he is 21,21, indicating a RecLOH (Recombinant Loss of Heterozygosity) mutation has taken place.  Rather than the 19 allele having increased by two, either in two one-step mutations or a single two-step mutation, the 19 allele has been overwritten by a copy of the 21 allele.  This RecLOH counts as one mutation event, not two.
In the FTDNA and Ysearch databases, he has some 12/12 matches (in other surnames) and a few near matches at 25 markers (in other surnames), but he has no full or near match at 37 markers.
   
Haplogroup I1-AngloSaxon-1313, a.k.a., I-M253-AS1313
Deme 9
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP
Tests		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS1313 Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 11       14 13         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 16 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 13 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
JORGENSEN 39279     12 22 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 29                                                                                                               Pvt [awaiting lineage] Jørgen2, Christopher Jørgensen1 — of Holse, Brenderup Sogn, Vends Herred, Odense Amt, DK
Even at just 12 markers, this individual has a unique haplotype, with no matches in the FTDNA database, due largely to the unusual value at DYS393 (green table cell).  His closest matches at Ysearch are 11/12, and he has fewer than two dozen of them.  If I change the value of DYS393 from 12 to 13 and search again, he gets dozens of full matches and over 100 near matches, so it's the value of 12 at this marker that is so unusual (which is also reflected in Nortdvedt's varieties).
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-1313 =>39%, I-M253-EE =>13%, I-L22-NuN-14 =>12%.
   
Deme 10
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-AS1313 Modal Values 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 29 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28 12 14 15 16 11       14 13         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 16 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 13 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
NELSON 77155 43VDB M253 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 9 9 8 11 23 16 20 29 12 14 15 17 11 9 19 21 14 13 16 20 36 36 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 9 12 23 25 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 24 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 Pvt [awaiting lineage] Marcus Nielsen1 of København, DK
-
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-1313=>59% and I-M253-ASgen=>25%.
   
Haplogroup I1-MissingLink, a.k.a., I-M253-ML
Deme 11
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-ML Modal Values 13 22 14 10 12 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 24 16 20 29 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14           11 10 11 8 14 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
NEILSON > SOULE N15490 MXD5G   13 22 14 10 12 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 24 16 20 30 12 14 15 16 10 10 19 21 14 14 15 19 35 36 12 10                                                             Pvt [awaiting lineage] Peder1 NEILSON (1816- ) of Lynggård, DK
-
Cullen's predictor gave this as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-ML 76%.
   
Haplogroup I1-Transitional-13, a.k.a., I-M253-T13
Deme 12
Surname Kit # YSearch
User ID
Most
downstream
positive
SNP
actually
tested		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9		 a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-T13 Modal Values 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28/29 12 14 15 16 10   19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
                 
MIKKELSEN 150673 2PYYC M253 13 23 14 10 13 13 11 14 11 13 11 29 14 8 9 8 11 22 16 19 30 12 14 15 16  9 10 19 21 14 13 16 19 35 37 12 10                                                             Pvt
Our subject has no significant matches in the FTDNA database.  At Ysearch, he has some 11/12 and 10/12 matches, many of the latter with Danes, but no matches, at all, at 25 or 37 markers.
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-T13 =>39%  I-M253-AS10 =>37%  I-M253-uN-1315 =>7%...
Our subject has been deep SNP tested with these results:  M253+ L22- M21- M227- M72- P109- P259-
   
Deme 13
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-T13 Modal Values 13 23 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 23 16 20 28/29 12 14 15 16 10   19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 22 25 15 10 12 12 16 8 13 25 20 13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
           
BAKTOFT 67327 6XEXB M253 13 22 14 10 13 14 11 14 11 12 11 28 15 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 30 12 14 15 15 10 10 19 21 14 14 16 17 36 37 12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 8 10 12 22 23 16 10 12 12 15 8 12 23 20 14 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 Pvt7, Henry6, Peter Madsen5 BAK, Jens Christensen4, Christen Jensen3, Jens Sørensen2, Søren Christensen1 BACH of Randers Amt, DK
#67327 has the most common 9-marker haplotype in Denmark and thus has hundreds of matches at 12 markers, his number of matches drops to a few dozen at 25 markers and no full or even near matches at 37 or 67 markers. 
Cullen's predictor gave these as the highest probabilities for his variety:   I-M253-T13 =>35%, I-M253-AS9a =>20%, I-M253-AS5 =>9%.
This individual has undergone deep SNP testing at FTDNA:
M170+ M258+ P19+ P38+ M253+ M307+ P30+ M21- M227- M72- P37.2- M26- M161- M223-
The first set of positive results support that he is Haplogroup I; the second set of positive results support that he is I1.  The first set of negative results rule out his belonging to subclades I1a, I1b, or I1b1; the second set of negative results redundantly rules out forms of I2.
   
Haplogroup I1-ultraNorse-1315, a.k.a., I-M253-uN1315
Deme 14
Surname Kit # Ysearch
User ID
SNP		 Haplotype — as determined by STR testing Known Lineage
Markers 1-12 Markers 13-25 Markers 26-37 Markers 38-67
3
9
3		 3
9
0
19
/
3
9
4		 3
9
1		 a
|
3
8
5		 b
|
3
8
5		 4
2
6		 3
8
8		 4
3
9		 i
|
3
8
9		 3
9
2		 ii
|
3
8
9		 4
5
8		 a
|
4
5
9		 b
|
4
5
9		 4
5
5		 4
5
4		 4
4
7		 4
3
7		 4
4
8		 4
4
9
a
|
4
6
4		 b
|
4
6
4		 c
|
4
6
4		 d
|
4
6
4		 4
6
0		 H4
|
G
A
T
A		 IIa
|
Y
C
A		 IIb
|
Y
C
A		 4
5
6		 6
0
7		 5
7
6		 5
7
0		 a
|
C
D
Y		 b
|
C
D
Y		 4
4
2		 4
3
8		 5
3
1		 5
7
8		 a
|
S1
3
9
5		 b
|
S1
3
9
5		 5
9
0		 5
3
7		 6
4
1		 4
7
2		 S1
4
0
6		 5
1
1		 4
2
5		 a
|
4
1
3		 b
|
4
1
3		 5
5
7		 5
9
4		 4
3
6		 4
9
0		 5
3
4		 4
5
0		 4
4
4		 4
8
1		 5
2
0		 4
4
6		 6
1
7		 5
6
8		 4
8
7		 5
7
2		 6
4
0		 4
9
2		 5
6
5
I1-M253-uN1315 Modals 13 23 14 10 13 15 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 29 12 14 14 16 10 10 19 21 14 14         12 10 11 8 15 15 8 11 10 8 9 10 12 23 25 15 10 12 12 17 8 13 24 20 12;13 13 11 12 11 11 12 11 as per Nordtvedt
           
HANSEN N45223     13 23 14 11 13 16 11 14 11 12 11 28 16 8 9 8 11 22 16 20 28 12 13 14 15 10 10 19 21 14 14 15 20 34 36 12 10                                                             Pvt [awaiting lineage] — resident of Ribe Amt, DK
- 
Cullen's predictor gave this as the highest probabilities for his variety:  I-M253-uN-1315 >81%.
It would be desirable for this individual to undergo a Kittler test, to determine the actual order of the paired DYS385 alleles (standard testing does not determine their order, and it is merely by convention that the smaller number is listed first).
Because this individual's results are unusual, it's no surprise that he has no full matches in the FTDNA or Ysearch databases (at least not as of 19 Jan 2008).  The markers responsible for his lack of matches are DYS391=11 and/or DYS385b=16.  If I change either of these markers to its modal value, he starts getting matches.  Your project admin recommends uploading these results to Ysearch to make them available to researchers.
   

What constitutes a match?
Matches in other surnames are usually mere coincidence, so please ignore them — I'll let you know when you shouldn't!
For 12 markers:  9 or less is a non-relative; 10-12, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 25 markers:  21 or less is a non-relative; 22-25, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 37 markers:  31 or less is a non-relative; 32-37, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For 67 markers:  55 or less is a non-relative; 56-67, please see this Chart compiled by FTDNA.
For any test:  0 matching markers, please contact NASA.

Danish Demes
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Memorial stone for King Erik I (c1060-1103), a.k.a., 'Erik the Good' or Erik Ejegod; Borgvold, Viborg Amt, DK (photo from WikimediaCommons by User:Calvin, 2007). Viking burial ground (700-1150 CE), Lindholm Høje, Aalborg Amt, DK (photo from WikimediaCommons by User:Bunnyfrosch, 2007).

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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