| Haplogroup I is found almost exclusively in Europe where it is represented
in about 20% of the population. Overall, Hg I has a broad European
distribution, from the British Isles east to the Ural Mountains of Russia
and south to Anatolia and the Mediterranean Sea, but its strong geographic
concentration in northwestern Europe has led Hg I to be nicknamed the "Viking"
haplogroup (though some consider R1a to be the only true Viking
haplogroup).
I1 is the most common subclade of Hg I. Geographically, it is
highly concentrated in northern Germany, Denmark, and southern Norway and
Sweden. A modal haplotype for all of I1 would not be meaningful because
the different varieties of I1 have not shared a common ancestor for thousands
of years, but key markers do unify the subclade (highlighted in red in
the tables).
Among European haplotypes, DYS455=8 is virtually exclusive to I1
and YCAIIa,b=19,21 is universal in I1 (table cells highlighted in red).
With one exception (I1d), the subclades of I1 are rare to the point of
not being useful, but no other SNPs subdivide the otherwise very large
I1 group. In lieu of useful SNPs (the search for which is ongoing),
varieties of I1 have been defined by Nordtvedt based on STR haplotypes.
Another useful marker in this subclade is DYS511 (highlighted in
royal blue in the tables), which has a value of 10 in the Norse
and ultraNorse varieties and a value of
9 in the AngloSaxon varieties.
Your project administrator recommends all I1 individuals upgrade to 67
markers to pick up the result for this marker. DYS462 is similarly
useful and can be ordered as a custom test from FTDNA. |
| Ken Nordtvedt is the guru researching Hg I subclades (see his Excel
spreadsheet). For a table showing modal haplotypes for his Hg
I varieties
in FamilyTreeDNA marker order, please also see my HTML
transcription of Nordtvedt's spreadsheet. Jim Cullen has develpeda
predictor for the varieties of Haplogroup I, and I have used it to
made the determination below. In some cases, the predictor was not
able to make a firm prediction, mostly in cases where not enough markers
were tested. I urge all participants to upgrade to 67 markers to
get a solid prediction, and if you're predicted to be I1d, to be SNP tested
for L22. |
| I1-AngloSaxon is the most common form of I1. It is most
frequent in the Netherlands, northwestern Germany, and Denmark and is present
at lower frequencies in eastern and southern Germany, southern Sweden,
and the British Isles. I1-Norse is the most common I1 variety
in Sweden and Finland and is the second most common variety in Norway and
Denmark. Like I1-Norse, I1-Norse-D is most common in Sweden,
Finland, Norway, and Denmark, but the "D" variety leans toward Denmark
(the value of 12 at DYS439 is what most distinguishes the D variety). I1-ultraNorse
has its greatest frequency in Norway where it is the most common form of
I1. It is the third most common form of I1 in Sweden and Denmark
(after I1-N and I1-AS); it is found only sparingly in southern and eastern
Europe. "Missing Link" refers to the link between AngloSaxon
and Norse; "Transitional" refers to forms transitional between AngloSaxon
and Norse. |
| I frankly have a problem with the way Nordtvedt has established
some of his varieties of I1. The issue is technical and has to do
with his clades not necessarily being monophyletic. This problem
rears its head with uN (ultraNorse) being both M253 and L22, which doesn't
jibe with uN being a clade. However, that need not really concern
us here. The important thing is that, as clusters (not clades),
they are useful. |
Y-DNA
Haplogroup I1 SNPs and Subclades
| Nordtvedt
Chart |
ISOGG Chart |
FTDNA
Chart |
| Subclade |
Defining SNPs |
Subclade |
Defining SNPs |
Subclade |
Defining SNPs |
| I |
M170 M258 P19 P38 rs17249889 |
I |
M170 M258 P19 P38 P212 U179 |
I |
M170 M258 P19 P38 P212 U179 |
| |
| I1 |
all of I1 and
M253 M307 P30 P40
S62-S66 S107-S111
rs35960273 rs3906451 Chr17557999 |
I1 |
all of I and
M253 M307.1=P203.1 M450=S109
P30 P40 S62 S63 S64 S65 S66
S107 S108 S109 S110 S111 |
I1 |
all of I and
M253 M307 M450 P30 P40 |
| I1a |
|
I1a |
all of I1 and M21 (probably private) |
I1a |
all of I1 and M21 |
| I1b |
all of I1 and M227 |
I1b |
all of I1 and M227 |
I1b |
all of I1 and M227 |
| I1b1 |
all of I1b and M72 |
I1b1 |
all of I1b and M72 |
I1b1 |
all of I1b and M72 |
| |
|
I1c |
all of I1 and P259 (probably private) |
I1c |
all of I1 and P259 |
| I1c |
all of I1 and L22=S142 |
I1d |
all of I1 and L22=S142 |
I1d |
all of I1 and L22 |
| I1c1 |
all of I1c and P109 |
I1d1 |
all of I1d and P109 |
I1d1 |
all of I1d and P109 |
| |
|
I1e |
all of I1 and S79 (probably private) |
|
|
|
So far, we have 25 Danish Demes Project members who are Haplogroup
I1.
| Subclade |
Most
Down-
stream
SNP* |
D
e
m
e |
Surname |
Earliest Known Patrilineal
Ancestor |
_n_ |
| I1 |
M253 |
1 |
NEWMAN1 |
Hemming Hansen (c1790s- ) of Udby,
Stege Sogn, Mønbo Herred, Præstø Amt, DK |
1 |
| |
2 |
JENSEN |
Mikkel Larsen (1728-1869) of Serup Sogn,
Hids Herred, Viborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon |
M253 |
3 |
HANSEN |
Hans Petersen (1771- ) of Dynt, Broager
Sogn, Nybøl Herred, Sønderborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| M253 |
4 |
CHRISTENSEN |
of DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-gen |
M253 |
5 |
HANSEN |
of DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-5 |
M253 |
6 |
NIELSEN |
Frands Nielsen of Tjæreborg, Tjæreborg
Sogn, Skast Herred, Ribe Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-6 |
M253 |
7 |
HANSEN |
Jens Martinus HANSEN (1871-1844) of København,
DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-8 |
M253 |
8 |
ANDERSEN |
Henrik Gregersen (1694-1764) of Ringkøbing
Amt, DK |
2 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-13 |
M253 |
9 |
CHRISTENSEN |
Jens Jacobsen (c1802- ) of Viborg Amt,
DK |
1 |
| I1-AngloSaxon-1313 |
M253 |
10 |
JØRGENSEN |
Christopher Jørgensen (1692-
) of Holse, Brenderup Sogn, Vends Herred, Odense Amt, DK |
1 |
| M253 |
11 |
NELSON2 |
Marcus NIELSEN (1818- ) of København,
DK |
1 |
| I1-MissingLink |
M253 |
12 |
SOULE3 |
Peder NEILSON (1816- ) of Lynggård,
DK |
1 |
| I1-Transitional-13 |
M253 |
13 |
BAKTOFT |
Søren Christensen BACH of Randers
Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1-ultraNorse-1315 |
M253 |
14 |
HANSEN |
resident of Ribe Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1d-Norse |
L22 |
15 |
SØRENSEN |
Jens SØRENSEN of DK and Cheyenne,
Wyoming, USA |
1 |
| L22 |
16 |
GLAD |
Christen GLAD (c1600- ) of Nørre
Tranders Sogn, Fleskum Herred, Aalborg Amt, DK |
1 |
| L22 |
17 |
CHRISTENSEN |
Mads Frederick Theobald CHRISTENSEN of
København, DK, and Utah, USA |
1 |
| L22 |
18 |
HENDRIKSEN |
Christian Jessen (c1710s- ) of Våbensted
Sogn, Musse Herred, Maribo Amt, DK |
1 |
| L22 |
19 |
WESTERGARD4 |
Niels JENSEN (1847-1920) of Børglum
Herred, Hjørring Amt, DK |
1 |
| L22 |
20 |
BENDTSEN |
Hans Jakob Broe BENDTSEN of Hestlund,
Bording Sogn, Hammerum Herred, Ringkøbing Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1d-Norse/ultraNorse-14 |
L22 |
21 |
JENSEN |
Rasmus Mogensen (c1713-1766) of Vejleby
Sogn, Fuglse Herred, Maribo Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1d-ultraNorse |
L22 |
22 |
JACOBSEN |
Søren Jensen (1763- ) of Harlev,
Harlev Sogn, Framlev Herred, Århus Amt, DK |
1 |
| L22 |
23 |
ANDERSEN |
Ludvig ANDERSEN of Odense Amt, DK |
1 |
| I1d-ultraNorse-1 |
L22 |
24 |
MORCK |
Niels MØRCHE of Århus Amt,
DK |
1 |
| *Greyed SNPs have merely been deduced; boldfaced
SNPs have actually been tested. |
1NYMANN, NYMAND.
2NIELSON, NIELSEN.
3Originally NEILSON.
4Name changed upon immigration to the U.S.A. |
|
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